Ear pain, also called an earache, is a common problem that can affect both
children and adults. The pain may range from mild discomfort to sharp or
severe pain and may occur suddenly or develop gradually.
Earaches often result from inflammation, infection, or pressure changes
within the ear, but sometimes pain felt in the ear actually originates from
nearby structures such as the throat, jaw, or teeth.
Because many different conditions can cause ear pain, proper evaluation is
important to determine the underlying cause.
Common Causes of Ear Pain
Ear Infections
Infections are one of the most common causes of earache, particularly in
children.
Two types of infections are commonly seen:
Middle ear infection (otitis media)
This occurs behind the eardrum and is often associated with colds or
upper respiratory infections.
Outer ear infection (swimmer’s ear)
This infection affects the ear canal and is often related to moisture,
irritation, or bacterial growth.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and
helps regulate pressure in the ear.
When this tube becomes blocked due to allergies, congestion, or
infection, pressure can build up in the middle ear and cause discomfort or
pain.
Sinus or Nasal Congestion
Sinus infections or nasal congestion can create pressure changes that
affect the ears and lead to ear pain.
Jaw or Dental Problems
Conditions affecting the jaw joint (TMJ) or dental infections can sometimes
cause pain that is felt in the ear.
Throat Infections
Inflammation in the throat or tonsils may refer pain to the ear because the
ear and throat share nerve pathways.
Pressure Changes
Rapid pressure changes during air travel or scuba diving can cause
discomfort or temporary ear pain.
Symptoms Associated With Earaches
Symptoms may vary depending on the cause but can include:
● Ear pain or pressure
● A feeling of fullness in the ear
● Decreased hearing
● Drainage from the ear
● Fever (sometimes with infections)
● Difficulty sleeping, especially in children
● Dizziness or imbalance in some cases
How Ear Pain Is Evaluated
Evaluation typically includes an examination of the ear canal, eardrum,
nose, and throat to determine the source of the pain.
Because ear pain can originate from nearby structures, examining the
sinuses, throat, jaw, and teeth may also be necessary.
Identifying the correct cause is important because treatment varies
depending on the underlying condition.
Treatment Options
Treatment for earaches depends on the cause and may include:
● Pain relief medications
● Treatment of ear infections
● Managing sinus or nasal congestion
● Treating allergies
● Addressing jaw or dental issues when present
Most earaches improve once the underlying problem is identified and
treated appropriately.
When to Seek Medical Attention
You should seek evaluation if:
● Ear pain is severe or persistent
● Fever accompanies the ear pain
● There is drainage from the ear
● Hearing loss develops
● Ear pain lasts longer than a few days
Children with ear pain should also be evaluated if they are irritable,
pulling at the ear, or having difficulty sleeping.
Schedule a Consultation
If you or your child are experiencing persistent ear pain, a consultation can
help identify the cause and determine the most appropriate treatment to
relieve discomfort and restore normal ear function.