A runny nose, also known as rhinorrhea, occurs when excess fluid drains from the nasal passages. The drainage may be clear and watery or thicker depending on the underlying cause.

Sinusitis, commonly referred to as a sinus infection, occurs when the lining of the sinuses becomes inflamed or swollen. The sinuses are air-filled spaces located behind the forehead, cheeks, and eyes that normally produce mucus and help humidify the air we breathe.

A cough is a natural reflex that helps clear the airways of mucus, irritants, or foreign material. However, when a cough persists for more than eight weeks, it is considered chronic cough.

Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, occurs when it becomes hard to move food or liquid from the mouth into the stomach. Some people may feel that food sticks in the throat or chest, while others may experience coughing or choking when trying to swallow.

A sore throat is a common condition that causes pain, irritation, or scratchiness in the throat, especially when swallowing. Most sore throats are caused by viral infections and improve within a few days, but persistent or severe symptoms may require medical evaluation.

A pediatric airway evaluation is performed to assess breathing and airway function in infants, children, and adolescents. The airway includes the nose, throat, voice box (larynx), and upper windpipe, all of which play an important role in breathing, sleeping, swallowing, and speaking.